Oesophageal cancer is a malignant tumour that develops from the inner lining of the oesophagus. The tumour that develops from the inner lining of the organ spreads downwards, upwards and from the inside outwards inside the oesophagus. However, it may spread to other parts of the body through lymph and blood vessels. 

Incidence of oesophageal cancer 

This type of cancer ranks 6th among all cancers worldwide. It constitutes 1.5-2 per cent of all cancers and 5-7 per cent of digestive system cancers. The incidence varies according to geographical regions. 

Although oesophageal cancer is frequently seen between the ages of 50 and 60, it is rare in individuals under the age of 30. It is almost 3 times more common in men than in women. 

Esophageal cancer is located in the middle part of the oesophagus in half of the patients, in the lower part in one third and in the upper part in the rest. Treatment methods may also vary according to the location.

Causes and risk factors of oesophageal cancer

  • Smoking, alcohol use and substance addictions,
  • Nutrition,
  • Genetic and environmental factors,
  • Other diseases that cause cancer can be listed as.

Smoking, alcohol use and substance addictions

The most important causes of oesophageal cancer in the USA and Western Europe are smoking and alcohol use. In other regions where oesophageal cancer is common, nutritional factors are more important than smoking and alcohol. The effect of alcohol alone is quite low, but in combination with smoking, the risk of oesophageal cancer increases significantly depending on the dose and duration.

Symptoms of oesophageal cancer 

  • Difficulty swallowing
  • Weight loss
  • Burning and pain in the chest area
  • Vomiting, regurgitation of food
  • Swelling in the neck
  • Loss of appetite
  • Hoarseness
  • Haemorrhage
  • Cough and choking sensation